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HD vs. HDX on Vudu

HDX is a hi-definition (HD) format developed by Vudu that allows streaming video at a better quality than HD streams from other providers like Amazon Instant Video, Google Play and iTunes. HDX video is streamed at 1080p and 24 frames per second. While Amazon, Google, Apple and Vudu HD all deliver HD streams at 1080p resolution, HDX offers better video quality because:

• HDX encodes video at a higher bitrate (almost twice that of the HD version) – on average around 9.5 Mbps, and as high as 20 Mbps for complex scenes. [1]
• HDX preserves a film's native 24 frames per second
• HDX uses 5.1 Dolby Digital Plus Surround Sound for audio
• Psychovisual Processing : Certain types of scenes — e.g., dark skies, water bodies, fast action —are more prone to pixelation and compression artifacting. HDX uses algorithms to detect such scenes and re-encode them so that the video quality that humans perceive is higher.
• Variable Bitrates : Not all scenes in a film contain the same level of detail, animation or motion. HDX uses a higher bitrate — as high as 20Mbit/s — for scenes with a high level of detail and high motion/fast action segments of the film. Slower sequences use bit rates as low as 2 Mbit/s. This process of using variable bit rates allows for the highest possible video quality streaming over a broadband Internet connection.
• Color Gradient Processing : An algorithmic approach for tuning the picture — which may have been encoded for older CRT televisions — for best results on modern LCD and plasma television displays.

Caveats and Disadvantages

The biggest disadvantage of HDX is the amount of time it takes to download a full-length movie, if downloading it as opposed to streaming. For streaming, a fast broadband Internet connection is required, with bandwidth of over 4.5mbps for HDX, and over 2.25mbps for regular HD. Vudu offers a speed test page where users can check their Internet connection bandwidth, which can vary by day of week and time of day.

Another caveat is device capabilities. If your TV is only capable of 720p, or if the display cannot handle 24 frames per second, then you will not notice any difference in quality between the HDX and HD versions of the same video. If your display can't accept 1080p/24 at all, you may have to choose the 1080i output instead. [2]

Vudu's FAQ page also lists bandwidth and system requirements to watch videos in HD and HDX.

Vudu also offers a UHD — aka Ultra HD or 4K — format that offers even better video quality, a much higher resolution (to the order of 4,000 pixels), Dolby Vision (basically Dolby's version of HDR ), and commercial theater grade Dolby Atmos surround sound. [3]

Some users have reported that there is no noticeable difference in the video quality of UHD vs. HDX on Vudu streams. However, that is because not all devices are capable of streaming Vudu's UHD content. This infographic shows what devices currently support Dolby Vision (for video) and Dolby Atmos (for audio), and are therefore capable of playing 4K UHD content from Vudu.

• Demystifying Online Movie Rentals - Wall Street Journal
• Vudu's HDX upgrade delivers the best downloadable video quality to date - CNet
• Vudu’s New HDX Format Offers 1080p/24 Video with ‘Virtually No Artifacts’ - CEPro
• VUDU's HDX titles compare to Blu-ray's picture quality - Engadget
• FAQ on Vudu
• Streaming video quality comparison of Vudu HDX vs. Amazon HD vs. Hulu Plus - YouTube

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What is HDX?

Citrix HDX is a suite of proprietary technologies that delivers a high-definition experience to users of virtual desktops and virtual applications. A central component of  Citrix DaaS , HDX ensures users have a consistent experience across a wide array of devices and networks.  Built on top of the Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) remoting protocol, it’s used by global enterprises to support millions of users.

HDX is designed around three technical principles: intelligent redirection, adaptive compression, and data de-duplication. Applied in different combinations, they are designed to:

• Optimize the user experience and IT control
• Decrease bandwidth consumption
• Increase user density per hosting server

Explore additional HDX topics:

What are the three technical principles behind HDX technology?

What is hdx 3d pro, how hdx optimizes voice, video, and multimedia performance, how hdx accelerates printing and scanning, how hdx ensures high-quality service and reliability.

1. Intelligent redirection

Intelligent redirection examines screen activity, application commands, endpoint devices, and network and server capabilities to instantly determine how and where to render an application or desktop activity. Rendering can occur on either the endpoint device or hosting server.

Client redirection leverages processing power on endpoints, if available, to free up the server to handle other processes or more users. Device redirection intercepts peripherals such as webcams, printers, scanners, digital pens, and 3D mice at a local level to allow users to interact with these devices in sessions.

2. Adaptive compression

Adaptive compression is a core intellectual property of the ICA protocol which allows rich multimedia displays to be delivered on thin network connections. HDX first evaluates variables such as the type of input, device, and display (text, video, voice, multimedia). Next, it chooses the optimal compression codec and the best proportion of CPU or GPU utilization. It then intelligently adapts based on each unique user or session.

3. De-duplication of network traffic

De-duplication of network traffic reduces the aggregate data sent between client and server by taking advantage of repeated patterns in commonly accessed data such as bitmap graphics, documents, print jobs, and streamed media. Caching these patterns allows only the changes to be transmitted across the network, eliminating duplicate traffic. HDX also supports multicasting of multimedia streams, where a single transmission from the source is viewed by multiple “subscribers” at one location, rather than a one-to-one connection for each user.

HDX 3D Pro is a specialized technology that pioneered the use of graphics processors (GPUs) in Citrix DaaS for visually demanding workloads such as CAD/CAM. Today, there are virtualization-aware GPU cards available, which provide hardware acceleration to multiple virtual machines (VMs) using a single physical GPU. Originally designed for high-end 3D professional graphics, the technology is now available to optimize the performance of business graphics apps that leverage GPU acceleration, such as web browsers and Microsoft Office apps.

Users expect app and desktop delivery solutions to have near real-time audio and multimedia characteristics—similar to those they receive from local app and desktop implementations. HDX technologies deliver bandwidth-efficient multimedia and video through the use of policies and templates—and they do it with exceptional display optimization.

HDX Adaptive Transport ensures that all functions within user sessions perform well, including graphics, even as network characteristics change. This display optimization is accomplished through Citrix’s Enlightened Data Transport (EDT) Protocol which makes intelligent, reliable use of UDP for optimum performance. Adaptive Transport allows sessions to seamlessly switch between EDT/UDP and TCP as needed without any configuration required. The end result is a highly responsive session for a wide range of client endpoints.

Citrix display optimizations make use of both H.264 and H.265 codecs for superior image quality with minimal bandwidth consumption. Encoding using these standards can happen for the entire session, which is ideal for full-screen motion, or selectively to certain regions with motion as required. Both server and client GPU hardware are leveraged where available for stunning visuals that also conserve resources. These optimizations are especially notable in more intensive use cases, such as:

Unified communications

Web conferences require real-time audio and, increasingly, high-fidelity video and screen-sharing as well. HDX ensures audio traffic always receives the highest network priority and includes packet tagging for Quality of Service (QoS), on a dedicated virtual channel within the ICA protocol for RTP/UDP audio. This minimizes latency for jitter-free audio quality.

Client-side webcam compression for video communication reduces bandwidth requirements by an order of magnitude, ensuring a native user experience even on mobile networks or at very remote locations.

For instances where the app is centrally hosted in a virtual environment, Citrix has joint solutions with major unified communication vendors including Microsoft, Cisco, Zoom, and Avaya to enable peer to-peer communication between endpoints. Real-time optimization policies prevent latency due to “hairpinning” so audio and video can move from endpoint to endpoint without traveling all the way back to the central host in the datacenter. The result is a great user experience and higher user density on the host server.

YouTube video rendering, along with other types of intensive web-based content, can be offloaded to the local endpoint with Browser Content Redirection. Fully configurable via policies for URL control, fetching behavior and more, this feature dramatically reduces server resource consumption and host-to-client network traffic while delivering a truly local experience—all within the context of a web browser running in a virtual desktop.

Multicast video support permits a few, hundreds, or even thousands of users to view video content that may be rendered and transmitted just once. This produces savings in bandwidth and datacenter resources for live video events, news channels, and training programs delivered to branch offices.

Multimedia redirection has a huge impact on reducing CPU utilization of the host servers, allowing more users to be supported per server for greater scalability. Flash redirection and Windows Media redirection offload the playback rendering of rich content to compatible client devices, using server-rendered multimedia only as a fallback option.

4K resolution and multi-monitors

In many industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, and finance, there’s often a need for high-resolution displays on more than one monitor. For these scenarios, underlying graphics hardware capabilities along with HDX technologies provide crisp imagery, smooth video, and clear text.

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Citrix supports both local and network printer types. Locally-defined printers on endpoint clients are redirected into sessions as required. Network printers may be assigned to user sessions based on Active Directory group membership, user physical location, or other criteria. Admins can leverage the Citrix Universal Print Drivers and Citrix Universal Print Server for simplicity and stability along with native printer functionality.

Citrix developed these print driver and server technologies from the ground up. They provide many of the features needed for daily printing while taking into consideration the amount of bandwidth a print job requires. Using a single driver to manage hundreds or thousands of printers greatly simplifies management of print drivers in the Citrix DaaS environment.

With the Universal Print Server, the print engine is moved to a Windows print server, which prevents the need to install device-specific drivers in the server or desktop image. Firewall-friendly printing protocols provide greater bandwidth efficiency than native Windows protocols and extend printing to non-Windows devices. The latest Universal Print Server also provides improved scalability, greater OS-support, and performance monitoring.

Although scanners can be supported through basic USB redirection, the Citrix implementation permits additional intelligence between the endpoint and the host. Local scanner termination allows the user to interact with the peripheral at native USB speeds. Once the scan is completed, ICA compresses the scanned image and sends it to the host server; thus, the only content that travels over the network is a compressed image. In addition, HDX supports the largest variety of peripheral devices, with plug-and-play connectivity for webcams, music players, audio recorders, and specialty peripherals. USB redirection to cloud makes these peripherals available within sessions hosted hundreds of miles away from the point of use. HDX technologies optimize USB traffic over common wide area network conditions, to ensure real-time feedback and full-feature support. Support for digital pens, electronic signature pads, and drawing tablets in cloud-hosted apps is an important requirement in retail, finance, design, CAD, and other such markets. HDX meets these needs with a wide array of peripherals and solutions certified for Citrix environments through the Citrix Ready Program .

Virtual app and desktop traffic competes with everything else on a network. To meet stringent service level agreements (SLAs), network administrators need tools that help prioritize and optimize application and desktop traffic to deliver a great user experience every day. HDX technologies ensure the highest quality of service and reliability through a combination of ICA traffic prioritization, branch office caching, and ICA protocol optimizations.

HDX traffic prioritization capabilities include:

• Prioritizing virtual app and desktop traffic based on usage type by segmenting the communication channel into five independent streams through standard QoS routing techniques. Virtual desktop traffic can be segmented into interactive, dedicated real-time, background, bulk and RTP/ UDP voice channels.
• Identifying application types, thereby enabling network administrators to prioritize web and client-server applications alongside virtual app and desktop traffic. This allows admins to maintain QoS while making the best possible use of available network bandwidth.
• Adaptive caching technology  that orchestrates with Citrix DaaS to disable the native ICA compression used for optimizing single-user sessions. This technology then optimizes delivery across multiple user sessions by locally caching and de-duplicating transmission of commonly accessed data, including bitmap graphics, files, print jobs, and streamed media.

ICA protocol optimizations include:

• Adaptive TCP flow control to accelerate the flow of all TCP-based traffic, including ICA, by sensing and responding to high network latency and packet loss. The result is significantly higher network throughput and performance than with standard TCP implementations.
• Adaptive traffic compression that uses a highly tuned engine to compress ICA traffic based on its characteristics, as well as infrastructure capabilities and network conditions.
• Adaptive protocol acceleration which performs intelligent acceleration of ICA traffic while sensing and responding to network and traffic conditions.                                                                            

When it comes to administration, pre-defined HDX policy templates based on use cases make it easy to ensure users receive the best possible experience for their connection scenario while also meeting IT objectives. Templates for high server scalability, bandwidth-constrained WAN users, and security and control are included. These templates may be customized as required and applied to sessions using a variety of policy filters.

Citrix solutions for HDX

HDX technologies are the foundation of the Citrix DaaS and VDI platform . They allow companies to deliver a superior virtual app and desktop experience—one that rivals that of a local PC even when using multimedia, USB peripherals, and 3D graphics apps over low-bandwidth, high-latency networks. Best of all, Citrix HDX allows IT to support “anytime, anywhere” work while maintaining a high level of security and control over corporate data.

Additional resources

What is virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI)?

What is desktop as a service (DaaS)?

Technical guide to Citrix HDX

Get an up-close look at Citrix HDX technology

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This global site is intended for Healthcare Professionals only. All products may not be available in all countries. Contact your local Baxter representative

We deliver and support renal therapies across the continuum of care, including the innovative HDx.

Organ support and blood purification therapies are essential to improving patient outcomes in the ICU.

Peritoneal Dialysis - combined with Remote Patient Management - offers the potential to improve renal patients' clinical outcomes and increase lifestyle flexibility.

Hemodialysis is the predominant therapy for end-stage kidney disease, and can be delivered through multiple therapy options.

HDx - also known as expanded hemodialysis - is an innovative therapy that effectively targets the removal of large middle molecules.

Learn more about Baxter’s key products for Renal Care – across the continuum of care.

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HDx Therapy

Expanded Hemodialysis may make a World of Difference

for Patients, Clinicians & Healthcare Systems

Expand renal possibilities for all HD patients

Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) therapy is the next evolution in hemodialysis that brings us a step closer to the natural kidney. 1 HDx enabled by Theranova* features an innovative membrane for higher permeability compared to HD and HDF to enable efficient removal of large-middle molecules (25 kDa to <60 kDa). 2,3,4 Some of these large uremic toxins have been linked to inflammation, cardiovascular disease and other co-morbidities in dialysis patients. 5,6

HDx therapy delivers meaningful and relevant innovation for dialysis patients

Safety Evidence

When creating internal filtration through HDx and MCO, the permeability of the MCO Theranova membrane for endotoxins is not significantly different vs low-flux, high-flux, and high cut-off membranes. 7

Performance

HDx targets the efficient removal of large-middle molecules, many of which have been linked to the development of inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and other co-morbidities in dialysis patients 13,14 while maintaining stable serum albumin levels over the long term. 3, 15

Clinical Effectiveness

HDx therapy addresses pathophysiological responses and clinical outcomes that challenge patients undergoing hemodialysis for treatment of end stage kidney disease. 8

Patient-Reported Measures

HDx therapy may improve patient-reported outcomes related to quality of life aspects of kidney disease, including symptom burden, restless legs syndrome criteria, pruritus and dialysis recovery time. 4,8,9

Operational Efficiency

With HDx therapy, not only can Theranova provide advanced performance compared to HD and HDF along with clinical and patient-reported benefits but HDx therapy can be prescribed using regular HD workflow and infrastructure. 6,10 

Provide Expanded Hemodialysis. Retain HD Simplicity.     

While HDx therapy may offer the potential to improve access to care and to help improve the effectiveness and quality of care, HDx therapy may simultaneously offer dialysis service providers and healthcare systems alike the opportunity to reduce the total cost of care. 11,12  

Baxter's Commitment to You

HDx therapy (expanded HD) provides high-performance hemodialysis treatments by targeting the efficient removal of large-middle molecules (25 kDa to < 58 kDa), many of which have been linked to the development of inflammation, cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities in dialysis patients. 1,3,4

The Healthcare Concern

Medium-middle and large-middle molecules effect a range of biological functions including inflammation and cardiovascular risk. The retention of these molecules has been associated with higher mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. 6

The Challenge

Traditional high-flux membranes prescribed for use in hemodiafiltration (HDF) and high-flux hemodialysis (HF-HD) treatments have limited capability to remove medium-middle and large-middle molecule uremic toxins. 1,5,6

Reference Library

Hear from patients, nephrologists, and nurses alike as they share their experience prescribing HDx. Be reassured by the pioneering commitment of Baxter to dialysis patients the world over and learn how Theranova dialyzers are made.

• Explore The Reference Library

HDx Compendium of Studies

On-going research and clinical reporting are an integral part of the HDx journey. Explore the expanding evidence related to HDx enabled by Theranova that nephrologists around the world continue to generate.

• Explore HDx Compendium of Studies

HDx Therapy Brochure

Here you can find the HDx therapy brochure with more information about prescribing HDx for your hemodialysis patients.

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HDx Therapy Specification Sheets

Here you can find the detailed profiles of Theranova dialyzers.

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The latest clinical insights

Explore our Clinical Data page to access studies and reports across various therapy areas.

Learn more about HDx

Baxter announces.

U.S. FDA De Novo Authorization for Theranova Dialyzers Enabling HDx Therapy

Theranova: a Game-Changer for Patients and Healthcare Providers Alike

Patient Testimonials

Are you interested in learning more, important safety information.

Theranova dialyzers are indicated for treatment of chronic and acute renal failure by hemodialysis. *Do not use Theranova dialyzers in HDF or HF mode. For safe and proper use of this device, please refer to Instructions for Use.

Boschetti-de-Fierro A et al. MCO membranes: enhanced selectivity in high-flux class . Nature/Sci Rep. 2015; 5:18448. doi:10.1038/srep18448.

Krishnasamy R et al. A trial evaluating mid out-off value membrane clearance of albumin and light chains in hemodialysis patients (REMOVAL-HD): a safety device study. Blood Purif. 2020; 1-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31968346/ .

Weiner DE, Falzon L, Skoufos L, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Expanded Hemodialysis with the Theranova 400 Dialyzer: A Randomized Controlled Trial [published online ahead of print, 2020 Aug 25]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;CJN.01210120. doi:10.2215/CJN.01210120 .

Alarcon JC, et al. Impact of Medium Cut-Off Dialyzers on Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs): COREXH Registry. Blood Purif. In Press.

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